Copaxa Identification Charts
The Copaxa genus has been divided into eight Groups, two of which, decrescens and canella, are further divided into two subgroups.
I am hoping the placement of the various species, with a North to South orientation, will help me identify the many images that I receive.
Group Ia: decrescens: Subgroup: decrescens
males have one small eyespot on each wing; female ocelli often larger
fw submarginal line straight
andescens Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
arianae Ecuador: Napo
witti Ecuador: Pichincha, Esmeraldas
troetschi Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
ignescens western Colombia; western Ecuador: Imbabura
marona French Guiana
niepelti
koenigi eastern Peru: Junin, Ecuador
cineracea Ecuador, Peru ?????
yungaskoenigoides Bolivia
yungescens Bolivia
decrescens southeastern Brazil
Group Ib: decrescens: Subgroup: rufinans
apollinairei eastern Colombia
curvilinea Costa Rica, Nicaragua
moinieri Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
pararufinans Mexico: Oaxaca
rudloffi Costa Rica, Nicaragua
rufimichoacanensis Mexico
rufijaliscensis Mexico
rufinans Mexico: Oaxaca
winbrechlini western Ecuador
wolfei Peru: Junin
Group II: multifenestrata
Males forewings usually have largest hyaline spot at end of cell, often with an additional smaller spot inside the cell, resting or or near lowest vein.
There are usually one or two additional spots above the cell, arching toward body in approach to costa, and one or two smaller spots below the cell, also curving
toward the body.
Females show a similar pattern with much larger spots.
multifenestrata southeastern Mexico: Veracruz
mexcentralis Mexico
wernermeisteri Mexico: Chiapas
rufa ?? Mexico ??
garciorum Mexico: Oaxaca
siriae Mexico: Durango; Sinaloa, Nayarit.
mazaorum Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador.
escalantei Mexico: Puebla; (Belize; Guatemala; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama ??)
australoescalantei Guatemala: Zacapa; Nicaragua: Jinotega; Nueva Segovia; Costa Rica: Alejuela; San Jose; Cartago; probably Guatemala to Panama
knorkei Mexico: Oaxaca; Chiapas
schmiti Nicaragua: Jinotega
conlani Costa Rica: San Jose; Panama: Chiriqui: Rd. Volcan to Rio Sereno, Santa Clara, 2009-07-01
rufotincta Panama, possibly ?? to Ecuador
denhezi western Colombia: Valle de Cauca
litensis northwestern Ecuador
satellita Walker, 1865 Colombia: Bogota, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina.
kitchingi western Peru, Piura; ?? western Ecuador
vanschaycki eastern Peru: San Martin
madrediosana eastern Peru: Madre de Dios
yungallita Bolivia
mielkeorum Brazil: Bahia, Para, Santa Catarina; Argentina: Misiones: San Pedro,
denda Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras (EvS)
sophronia Guatemala, southern Mexico, Honduras
trottierorum Costa Rica
novocineracea Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
syntheratoides Costa Rica, Panama
rufotincta Panama
Group III: expandens
andensis Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
andorientalis
expandens expandens Venezuela, Ecuador
peggyae French Guiana
amazpandens
brunnaeocaeca Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
cuscoandensis Peru
cuscoexpandens Peru
pascoandensis Peru
satipoexpandens Peru
yungaspandens Bolivia
Group IVa: canella: subgroup: canella
bireni French Guiana
canella southeastern Brazil
flavina flavina Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
miranda Bolivia, Peru, Argentina
flavobrunnea Brazil, Argentina
joinvillea Santa Catarina, Brazil
simson Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil
Group IVb: canella: subgroup: lavendera
lavendera Mexico to Nicaragua
lavenderoguatemelensis Guatemala
lavenderohidalgensis Mexico: Hidalgo
lavenderojaliscensis Mexico: Jalisco
parvohidalgensis Mexico: Hidalgo
Group V: sapatoza
sapatoza Colombia: Bogota
bachuea Iguaque, Boyaca, Colombia; Venezuela?; Ecuador?
carolinae Ecuador: Napo
corralesi Peru: Cajamarca
simoni Ecuador: Morona-Santiago
semioculata semioculata Venezuela; Colombia?
orientalis orientalis Ecuador: Cotopaxi; Colombia?
orientalis guamaniana Peru: Piura
intermediata Ecuador: Azuay; Peru?
chrisbrechlinae Peru: Piura
herbuloti Peru: Pasco
lunula central Bolivia: Cochabamba
bella Peru: Junin
anikae Peru: Cusco
sinjaevi Bolivia: La Paz
kaechi Ecuador: Carchi
hoehni Ecuador: Napo
Group VI: medea
medea Ecuador, northern Peru
ockendeni southern Peru, Bolivia
Group VII: cydippe
cydippe Mexico: Veracruz
chimaltenangensis Guatemala
evelinae Guatemala, Honduras
haxairei Mexico: Sinaloa
purulhensis Guatemala:
sanmarcosiana Guatemala
Group VIII: copaxoides
copaxoides
Mexico
mannana Mexico
muellerana Mexico
Unidentified Copaxa from Eric van Schayck
Copaxa Male, Junin, Peru, Eric van Schayck
Copaxa ?? male, Venezuela, courtesy of Eric van Schayck.
Copaxa ?? male, Venezuela, courtesy of Eric van Schayck.
Copaxa ?? female, Venezuela, courtesy of Eric van Schayck.
Copaxa ?? female, Venezuela, courtesy of Eric van Schayck.
Species Group 1 decrescens
one small eyespot on each wing
fw submarginal line straight
Copaxa decrescens
90-120; 105-125mm; 0 - 2000 m
gc: greyish olive brown,
varying amounts of orange
eastern and western
? Esm, Pich, L R, Man, Gua, Can,
Suc, Napo, Past, Mor-San
Copaxa koenigi LTR
600-1100m, rare
larger semi-circular discal spots
considerable orange in fw cell
gc brown; contrasting lilac borders
eastern
Morona-Santiago
Copaxa rufinans
92-116; 100-118mm; 100-1660m
highly variable gc
hyaline spots large or small
lilac border evident and consistent
cell usually coppery in males
western
Pichincha, Canar, El Oro, ? Carchi, ? Imbabura
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Species Group 3 canella
one saturniinae ocellus per wing
fw submarginal line straight
Copaxa simson
Species Group 5 sapatoza
one saturniinae ocellus per wing or
one kidney shaped translucent spot
fw submarginal line wavy
Copaxa orientalis *
Copaxa medea
Copaxa bachuea
C. intermediata LTR
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