EACLES OF THE WORLD

Eacles imperialis (Drury, 1773). Photo (male) courtesy of Anthony Thomas.

This site has been created by Bill Oehlke at oehlkew@islandtelecom.com
Comments, suggestions and/or additional information are welcomed by Bill.

Eacles eggs are relatively large, deposited in small groups of two to six on foliage, and usually a translucent yellow which allows for observation of the developing larvae within the shell. Incubation typically lasts seven to nine days.

Larvae, which pass through five instars, are particularly well equipped with dorsal scoli ("horns"), especially pronounced in the early instars. In most species the scoli are greatly reduced in the final instar and are replaced by fine secondary hairs, covering the body.

Eacles imperialis imperialis, courtesy of Chris Suich, Apex, North Carolina.

Mature larvae descend tree trunks to pupate in subterranean chambers. Pupae are generally spinose with a long cremaster. Diapause is in the pupal stage. Most of the tropical species have two broods annually with moths on the wing in January-February and then again in June-July.

The Eacles belong to the Subfamily Ceratocampinae, formerly Citheroniinae, of the Family Saturniinae.

P indicates a photograph is available. The first country listed is the type locality.

EACLES HUBNER, [1819]

Listing of Eacles

P acuta Schaus, 1905, Guyana, French Guiana
P adoxa Jordan, 1910, Guyana, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
P imperialis anchicayensis Lemaire, 1971, Colombia, western Ecuador ***
P barnesi Schaus, 1905 Guyana, Venezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
johnsoniella Oiticica & Michener, 1950, Colombia is a synonym for barnesi
P bertrandi Lemaire, 1981, southeastern Brazil
P callopteris W. Rothschild, 1907 Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia
P camposportoi Mendes, 1937 southeastern Brazil
P canaima Feige, 1971 Venezuela
ambicolor Lemaire, 1972, Venezuela is a synonym for canaima
N cuscoensis Brechlin & Meister 2009 Peru
P ducalis (Walker, 1855), southeastern Brazil
penelope f. columbiana Draudt, 1929, Colombia is a synonym for ducalis
P fairchildi May & Oiticica,1941, central Brazil
P fulvaster oriecuadoriana Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Ecuador: Napo
P fulvaster fulvaster Brechlin & Meister, 2011 Brazil; French Guiana.
P guianensis Schaus, 1905, Guyana, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador
P guinlei Oiticica Filho, 1941, Brazil removed from synonymity with Eacles fulvaster, by Brechlin & Meister, 2011
P imperialis imperialis (Drury, 1773), New York, Eastern U.S. to Great Plains
P <imperialis anchicayensis Lemaire, 1971, Colombia, western Ecuador
P imperialis cacicus (Boisduval, 1868), Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.
P imperialis decoris W. Rothschild, 1907, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Belize, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama
magnifica typica Schussler, 1936, Mexico is a synonym for imperialis decoris
P imperialis hallwachsae Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Costa Rica; Panama
P imperialis magnifica Walker, 1855, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
f. typica Bouvier, 1927, is a synonym for imperialis magnifica
P imperialis nobilis Neumoegen, 1891, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama (DB)
P imperialis opaca (Burmeister, 1878), Argentina
P imperialis oslari W. Rothschild, 1907, Arizona, Mexico
P imperialis pini Michener, 1950, Quebec, Ontario, Northern Michigan, Northern New York
N imperialis piurensis Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Peru: Piura
P imperialis quintanensis Lemaire, 1971, Mexico, Belize
P imperialis tucumana W. Rothschild, 1907, Argentina, Bolivia
P kaechi Brechlin & Meister, 2011 Ecuador: Napo
P lemairei Rego-Barros & Tangerini, 1973, central Brazil
P manuelita Oiticica, 1941, east-central Brazil
P masoni machiapasiana Brechlin & Meister, 2011 Mexico: Vera Cruz; Chiapas; Belize: Cayo; Toledo
P masoni masoni Schaus, 1896, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala ? might be Eacles masoni centralamericana in Guatemala.
P masoni centralamericana Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Panama; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
P masoni fulvaster Rothschild, 1907, Peru, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia (LRRV), Ecuador, Bolivia
guinlei Oiticica, 1941, Brazil is a synonym for masoni fulvaster elevated to full species status as Eacles fulvaster fulvaster
P masoni tyrannus Draudt, 1930, western Colombia, western Ecuador now, 2011, full species status as Eacles tyrannus
P mayi Schaus, 1920, southeastern Brazil
lombardi Bouvier, 1924, Brazil is a synonym for mayi
lauroi Oiticica, 1938, Brazil is a synonym for mayi
P ormondei ormondei Schaus, 1889, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
P ormondei janzeni Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Nicaragua
northern Costa Rica
P ormondei niepelti Draudt, 1930, Colombia, Ecuador
P ormondei peruviana Bouvier, 1927, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia
P ormondei vanschaycki Brechlin & Meister, 2011, Costa Rica: Cartago
P ormondei violacea Lemaire, 1975, eastern Ecuador, Bolivia, probably ?? Peru
P ormondei yucatanensis Lemaire, 1987, Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula
N paraadoxa Brechlin & Meister 2009 Peru
P penelope (Cramer, 1775), Guyana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Suriname, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
cybele Olivier, 1790, is a synonym for penelope
majestalis Draudt, 1930, Colombia, is a synonym for penelope
P silkae Brechlin & Meister, 2011, French Guiana: Cayenne; Kaw
P tyrannus Draudt, 1930, western Colombia, western Ecuador now, 2011, full species status

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