Copaxa of Panama

Copaxa syntheratoides male, 104mm, Mount Totumas Lodge,
Amistad National Park, Chiriqui, Panama,
August 12, 2012, 1900m, courtesy of Terry Stoddard, id by Bill Oehlke.

Copaxa syntheratoides male (pink form), 111mm, Mount Totumas Lodge,
Amistad National Park, Chiriqui, Panama,
August 12, 2012, 1900m, courtesy of Terry Stoddard, id by Bill Oehlke.

Decrescens Group 1B Single, small, non-ringed, hyaline spot on each wing heavy pink suffusion in pm area rufinans falcate forewing apex straight transverse line

Decrescens Group 1B Single, small, non-ringed, hyaline spot on each wing heavy pink suffusion in pm area moinieri male fwl: 60-62mm relatively small fw cell mark uniform, pale brown gc

Decrescens Group 1B Single, small, non-ringed, hyaline spot on each wing heavy pink suffusion in pm area curvilinea very falcate forewing apex curved transverse line

Multifenestrata Group 2 fw: several small discal spots on forewing usually on hindwing straight forewing submarginal line multifenestrata

Multifenestrata Group 2 fw: several small discal spots on forewing usually on hindwing straight forewing submarginal line conlani

Multifenestrata Group 2 fw: several small discal spots on forewing usually on hindwing straight forewing submarginal line rufotincta This species is confirmed for Panama (possibly a recording error??) I do not think the specimen depicted above is representative of rufotincta.

Multifenestrata Group 2 fw: several small discal spots on forewing usually on hindwing straight forewing submarginal line australoescalantei Brechlin and Meister, 2010, report C. australoescalantei from Nicaragua; Costa Rica and Guatemala at 1100-1540m, refering to it being slightly smaller than the Mexican C. escalantei C. australoescalantei might fly in Panama, or it might be replaced there by C. rufotincta.

Multifenestrata Group 2 fw: several small discal spots on forewing usually on hindwing straight forewing submarginal line escalantei I am not sure if escalantei is limited in its range to Mexico and Belize or whether it also flies further south and might be sympatric with australoescalantei.

Expandens Group 3 syntheratoides This species is very variable with regard to colouration and patterning, but the forewing apex is generally much less pointed than in other Panamanian species. The single small hyaline spot on each wings seems a consistent character. The same hyaline spots are considerably larger in the females, all of which seem to be yellow with varying amounts of brown markings.

Expandens Group 3 syntheratoides pink form This species is very variable with regard to colouration and patterning, but the forewing apex is generally much less pointed than in other Panamanian species. The single small hyaline spot on each wings seems a consistent character. The same hyaline spots are considerably larger in the females, all of which seem to be yellow with varying amounts of brown markings.

Canella Group 4 based on typical saturniine eyespot on each wing and straight forewing submarginal line Canella Subgroup 4A simson This is the only Panamanian Copaxa species that have a larger, single circular ocellus on each wing. Females tend to be yellow beige, instead of the orange found in males.

Unconfirmed Possibilities

rudloffi male fwl: 48-54mm; 860m Nicaragua, Costa Rica similar to moinieri, but smaller red and brown forms more contrast than monieri

Neither C. rudloffi nor C. trottierorum have been reported in Panama, but both have been documented in Costa Rica so one or the other or both may turn up in Panama. C. rudloffi, in the Decrescens Group 1B, is most similar to C. moinieri, but moinieri is considerably larger with less contrast. C. trottierorum, in the Expandens Group 3, is quite distinct with the white suffusions at apex and outside the submarginal line.

trottierorum reported in eastern Costa Rica strong presence of white suffusion near forewing apex and outside submarginal line