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TAXONOMY:Family: Sphingidae, Latreille, 1802 |
DISTRIBUTION: |
This moth has a large, heavy body, and females can be remarkably plump. Tim Dyson recorded the moth depicted above on June 8-9 in Peterborough, Ontario.
ECLOSION:Little is known about the eclosions of the earth pupators, but many believe pupae wiggle toward the surface just prior to emergence.These pupae were difficult to scan as they were very active. Pachysphinx modesta pupae are quite large compared to those of other Sphingidae, especially here on P.E.I. |
Many thanks to Leslie Hubbard who encountered a freshly emerged female Pachysphinx modesta, June 5, 2015. Leslie got to watch the moth inflate its wings, and then found it coupled with a male the following morning.
Leslie writes, "Was cleaning out my flower bed today June 5, 2015 about 4:00 pm. All of a sudden "this thing" appeared - it was unlike anything I had seen before. Reminded me of a hellbender you see in streams. Within 4 hours it morphed into a big poplar sphinx. I have watched monarchs go through their life cycles but this was a new one on me. Thought you might enjoy the pictures. Really didn't know much about moth life cycles until today - thanks for all your wonderful information!"
Pachysphinx modesta female newly emerged, left (June 5); in copula right (June 6),
Litchfield, Kennebec County, Maine, courtesy of Leslie Hubbard.
Pachysphinx modesta female hanging/inflating, left (June 5); inflated/resting (June 5),
Litchfield, Kennebec County, Maine, courtesy of Leslie Hubbard.
Almost fully inflated, the wings are still quite soft. The inflating process usually takes 15-30 minutes, and then it is often an hour or two after that that fluid has hardened and wings are stiff and ready for flight.The female usually does not fly until she has copulated with a male. Shortly before midnight she extends a wick-like structure from abdominal tip and exudes a pheromone (scent) into the night sky. Males fly into the wind and track the pheromone to locate the female. |
Neither the male nor female will eat anything in the adult stage. They have no mouth parts or feeding tubes. It would seem their sole purpose is reproduction, and they only usually live off fats stored from their caterpillar days for an adult life of 5-8 days.
Perhaps in 4-6 weeks Leslie will find a caterpillar or two feeding on a nearby poplar or willow. There is probably one in her yard near the garden!
Livestock of the Modest Sphinx is usually available in the fall.
Tim Dyson, Peterborough, Ontario, and I (Bill Oehlke, Montague, Prince Edward Island) have both noticed a preponderance of males early in the flight season, followed by a much greater number of females as the season progresses.
Pachysphinx modesta eggs are quite large and a translucent pale green. As incubation (8-10 days) progresses, the eggs turn a shiny bronze color.Tim Dyson sent this image to "to show how they 'ripen like grapes' prior to hatching." Moths oviposit readily in brown paper bags. |
Warmth hastens the development of the eggs which hatch 8-12 days after deposition.Larvae have a characteristic pattern and colouration even as hatchlings, as is evident in these images of a day old larvae, courtesy of Tim Dyson. They also rest in typical Sphingidae pose. |
These hornworms feed upon poplar, willow, and cottonwood, are very strong and develop to quite a size.
Larvae progress very rapidly on poplar. The green of the early hornworm instars is
very much like the top of the poplar leaf while the pale green of the final instar
more closely resembles the color of the underside of poplar leaves. |
Just prior to pupation larvae take on a light purplish hue, descend the tree and will chew right through my Remay sleeves if I don't remove them. This species pupates readily under artificial conditions, and pupae are large (50mm long), dull, dark, and rough. Some larvae (Ian Miller) have considerably more red spotting. The anal horn is greatly reduced in the final instar. |
Pachysphinx modesta prepupal, Vegreville, Alberta, August 24, 2008, courtesy of David Hibbeln.
Shannon Larsen sent me the beautiful images below of a male (note arched abdomen) Pachysphinx modesta, taken August 21st, 2004, in Centerview, Missouri.
One does not often get to see the underside of this moth as a live specimen, but Tim Dyson provides a "quick shot" (below) of a female (top) making a landing. The underside of the hindwing is not nearly as vibrant as the dorsal surface.
Visit Pachysphinx modesta fifth instar on cottonwood, Houston, Harris County, Texas, June 20, 2011, courtesy of Cory Melancon.
Visit Pachysphinx modesta, Peterborough, Ontario, June 28, 2012, Paula Sheppard
Visit Pachysphinx modesta female, at light at Xavier High School, July 19, 2011, Tom Jantcher
Visit Pachysphinx modesta female and larvae, British Columbia, Canada, Ben Trott
Visit Pachysphinx modesta, Hammonds Plains, Halifax County, Nova Scotia, Canada, adult: May 28, 2018, larva: August 11, 2019, Krista Melville.
Populus/Aspen | Poplar |
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Enjoy some of nature's wonderments, giant silk moth cocoons. These cocoons are for sale winter and fall. Beautiful Saturniidae moths will emerge the following spring and summer. Read Actias luna rearing article. Additional online help available.
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