DISTRIBUTION:

Arsenura sylla sylla (wingspan: males: 147-170mm; females: 168-185mm) flies in
Venezuela: Bolivar;
Guyana: Georgetown (probably throughout most ofGuyana);
Surinam: probably throughout most of Surinam;
French Guiana: Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, Kaw, Coralie, Barrage Petit Saut;
Brazil: Mato Grosso, and probably Roraima, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia and Acre;
Peru: Loreto and maybe Ucayali;
Ecuador rare: Sucumbios, Napo: Yasuni, Orellana, Pastaza; at elevations between 100m and 1200m.

The Bolivian specimens in La Paz, flying at elevations of 100-1800m, are now treated Arsenura sylla winbrechlini.

Based on Entomo-Satsphingia Jahrgang 3 Heft 3 28.06.2010, examination of genitalia reveals four Arsenura sylla subspecies. There are also two A. thomsoni subspecies in the Sylla Group. See the comparison chart at the bottom of this page. A fifth sylla subspecies, Arsenura sylla maranhensis has been added in 2013. I do not have images of that subspecies from Maranhao, Brazil,

Eurides Furtado captured an interesting bilateral gynandromorph of this species in Mato Grosso. The moth is not common in central Brazil.

Arsenura sylla sylla male, Yasuni, Napo, Ecuador,
March 6, 1998, G. Onore, courtesy of Horst Kach.

Arsenura sylla sylla male (verso), Yasuni, Napo, Ecuador,
March 6, 1998, G. Onore, courtesy of Horst Kach.

Arsenura sylla sylla male, Lumbaqui, Sucumbios, Ecuador,
courtesy/copyright of Hubert Mayer.

The forewing outer margins of the specimen directly above seem decidely concave in their upper half, and the overall appearance is closer, I think, to Arsenura sylla hercules from southeastern Brazil. I think there is either 1) a high degree of variability with the various subspecies; 2) a mistaken location for the specimen, listed as from Lumbaqui, Sucumbios, Ecuador; or 3) a much greater range for A. s. hercules, requiring hercules to be elevated to full species status. Bill Oehlke

FLIGHT TIMES AND PREFERRED FOOD PLANTS:

FGS reports a flights in April, August and October. Horst Kach reports a March 6, 1998, flight in Yasuni, Napo, Ecuador. Andres Urbas reports an April 24-25, 2011, flight in Camp Caiman, near Kaw, French Guiana.

The Arsenura sylla larvae feed on Hirtella racemosa (Pigeon plum)

Arsenura sylla sylla female, French Guiana, courtesy of Carlot Didier.

Note the white post median lines and white in forewing cells in images of nominate sylla above and below.

Arsenura sylla sylla female, Kaw, French Guiana,
April 24, 2011, courtesy of Andres Urbas.

ECLOSION, SCENTING AND MATING:

Males use their antennae to seek out females which scent at night.

Arsenura sylla sylla, left: male; right: female, wingspan 147 mm,
Reserva Vale da Solidão 14o22’S 56o07’W, 450 m, Mato Grosso, Brazil,
January, bilateral gynandromorph, courtesy of Eurides Furtado.

EGGS, LARVAE AND PUPAE:

This final instar larva of Arsenura sylla (probably subbspecies niepelti) will descend the tree trunk and pupate in a subterranean chamber.

Arsenura sylla sylla male, courtesy of Entomo Service

Larval Food Plants

It is hoped that this alphabetical listing followed by the common name of the foodplant will prove useful. The list is not exhaustive. Experimenting with closely related foodplants is worthwhile.

Hirtella racemosa.....

Pigeon plum

The pronunciation of scientific names is troublesome for many. The "suggestion" at the top of the page is merely a suggestion. It is based on commonly accepted English pronunciation of Greek names and/or some fairly well accepted "rules" for latinized scientific names.

The suggested pronunciations, on this page and on other pages, are primarily put forward to assist those who hear with internal ears as they read.

There are many collectors from different countries whose intonations and accents would be different.

Some of the early describers/namers chose genus and species names indicating some character of the insect, but more often, they simply chose names from Greek or Roman mythology or history.

Those species names which end in "ensis" indicate a specimen locale, and those which end in "i", pronounced "eye", honour a contempory friend/collector/etc.

I do not know the source of the genus name "Arsenura" chosen by Duncan in 1841.

The species name "sylla" is from the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla (Sylla), 138 B.C.–78 B.C. At the height of his career he assumed the name Felix. Sylla, consecrating the tenth of his whole substance to Hercules, entertained the people with sumptuous feastings.

Arsenura sylla Subgroup: sylla subspecies: Arsenura sylla sylla Nominate sylla is reported in Suriname, Venezuela, Guayanas, northern Brazil, eastern Ecuador and north eastern Peru as a Guayanan-Amazonian species. Although the four subspecies depicted in this table have slight character differences, I do not know how consistent those characters would be in a large series from each respective range area. Nominate sylla (left) seems to have the broadest, least apically produced forewings, with a relatively large crescentric forewing cell mark. A. s. niepelti (right)appears to have the smallest dark cell markings. Arsenura sylla niepelti Subspecies niepelti is reported from western Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; and I am pretty sure it ranges into north western Ecuador. Arsenura sylla hercules Subspecies herucles is reported from southeastern Brazil: Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Parana, Sao Paulo. It is very large and has more coppery tint. Subspecies hercules (left) also has sub-crescentric fw cell mark and perhaps the least rounded fw apex. Hindwing projection suggest isosceles triangle in even taperings on both sides of projection. Subspecies winbrechlini (right) seems to have the most elongate forewings with a distinctly oval fw cell mark and markedly oblique outer margin. The lighter area along the costa has a slight orangey tint. Arsenura sylla winbrechlini Subspecies winbrechlini is reported thus far only from La Paz, Bolivia. Arsenura sylla maranhensis image on home computer only mfwl: 75-80mm; Maranhao, Brazil, 480m: Subspecies maranhensis (left) is thus far the smallest subspecies in the group. It appears the forewing apex is not at all produced. The fw outer margin is relatively straight without any concave section. The hindwing tail is relatively short and thick. The forewing cell mark is a thick, black, oblong shape with a narrow, elongate and lighter, interior streak. On the A. sylla sylla file there is an image, reported from eastern Ecuador, that looks more like subspecies hercules than it does sylla. Perhaps these moths are quite variable; perhaps some need to be synonymized; perhaps some need to be elevated to full species status with some range extensions, etc.. Arsenura sylla Subgroup: thomsoni subspecies: Arsenura thomsoni thomsoni French Guiana, Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, probably Suriname as a Guyano-Amazonian species. Nominate thomsoni (left) is very similar to A. sylla sylla but basic ground colour is much paler, hinting toward yellow or olive brown. Hw white axis: almost nonexistent. Fw subterminal white line almost straight, without strong outward projections. Subspecies lemairei (right), which may be elevated to full species status, has hinwings without smooth outer margins. Arsenura thomsoni lemairei Subspecies lemairei is reported in north western Brazil and eastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador and northern Peru.

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